First published: 27 May 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.202000121 Micelles with a Loose Core Self-Assembled from Coil-g-Rod Graft Copolymers Displaying High Drug Loading Capacity Qijing Huang, Zhanwen Xu, Chunhua Cai, Jiaping Lin Abstract High drug loading capacity is one of the critical demands of micellar drug-delivery vehicles;  however, it is a challenging work.  Herein, it is demonstrated that micelles self-assembled from poly(ethylene glycol)-graft-poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate) (PEG-g-PBLG) coil-g-rod graft copolymers display high drug-loading capacity for doxorubicin (DOX) model drugs.  As revealed by a combination study of experiments and dissipative particle dynamics simulations, the high drug-loading capacity of the micelles is related to the loose core structure of the micelles.  In these micelles, the hydrophobic PBLG grafts randomly disperse in the micelle core due to their rigid nature and the coil-g-rod topology of the graft copolymers, which results in a loose core of the micelles.  The structure of the graft copolymer, including the length of rod grafts, the length of coil backbone, and the grafting ratio of the rod grafts affecting the arrangement of the rod grafts in the micelle core has influence on the drug-loading capacity of the micelles.  Besides, the strong π–π stacking interaction between graft copolymers and DOX also plays an important part in achieving high drug-loading capacity.  In vitro studies reveal that these drug-loaded micelles show good biocompatibility, and the DOX can be gradually released from the micelles. Related products Abbreviation: PEG-g-NH2 Name: Poly(ethylene glycol) graft amine For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Int J Biol Macromol. 2018 May:111:1032-1039.  doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.134.  Epub 2018 Jan 31. SS-mPEG chemical modification of recombinant phospholipase C for enhanced thermal stability and catalytic efficiency Xian Fang 1, Xueting Wang 1, Guiling Li 2, Jun Zeng 2, Jian Li 2, Jingwen Liu 3 Abstract PEGylation is one of the most promising and extensively studied strategies for improving the properties of proteins as well as enzymic physical and thermal stability.  Phospholipase C, hydrolyzing the phospholipids offers tremendous applications in diverse fields.  However, the poor thermal stability and higher cost of production have restricted its industrial application.  This study focused on improving the stabilization of recombinant PLC by chemical modification with methoxypolyethylene glycol-Succinimidyl Succinate (SS-mPEG, MW 5000).  PLC gene from isolate Bacillus cereus HSL3 was fused with SUMO, a novel small ubiquitin-related modifier expression vector and over expressed in Escherichia coli.  The soluble fraction of SUMO-PLC reached 80% of the total recombinant protein.  The enzyme exhibited maximum catalytic activity at 80 °C and was relatively thermostable at 40-70 °C.  It showed extensive substrate specificity pattern and marked activity toward phosphatidylcholine, which made it a typical non-specific PLC for industrial purpose.  SS-mPEG-PLC complex exhibited an enhanced thermal stability at 70-80 °C and the catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km) had increased by 3.03 folds compared with free PLC.  CD spectrum of SS-mPEG-PLC indicated a possible enzyme aggregation after chemical modification, which contributed to the higher thermostability of SS-mPEG-PLC.  The increase of antiparallel β sheets in secondary structure also made it more stable than parallel β sheets.  The presence of SS-mPEG chains on the enzyme molecule surface somewhat changed the binding rate of the substrates, leading to a significant improvement in catalytic efficiency.  This study provided an insight into the addition of SS-mPEG for enhancing the industrial applications of phospholipase C at higher temperature. Keywords: Enzymatic properties;  Phospholipase C;  Recombinant expression;  SS-mPEG modification;  Thermal stability and catalytic efficiency. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SS Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) succinimidyl succinate For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

ACS Nano.  2019 Sep 24;13(9):10419-10433.   doi: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04213.   Epub 2019 Aug 21. Codoping Enhanced Radioluminescence of Nanoscintillators for X-ray-Activated Synergistic Cancer Therapy and Prognosis Using Metabolomics Farooq Ahmad 1, Xiaoyan Wang 2, Zhao Jiang 1, Xujiang Yu 1, Xinyi Liu 1, Rihua Mao 3, Xiaoyuan Chen 4, Wanwan Li 1 Abstract Radio- and photodynamic therapies are the first line of cancer treatments but suffer from poor light penetration and less radiation accumulation in soft tissues with high radiation toxicity.   Therefore, a multifunctional nanoplatform with diagnosis-assisted synergistic radio- and photodynamic therapy and tools facilitating early prognosis are urgently needed to fight the war against cancer.   Further, integrating cancer therapy with untargeted metabolomic analysis would collectively offer clinical pertinence through facilitating early diagnosis and prognosis.   Here, we enriched scintillation of CeF3 nanoparticles (NPs) through codoping Tb3+ and Gd3+ (CeF3:Gd3+,Tb3+) for viable clinical approach in the treatment of deep-seated tumors.   The codoped CeF3:Gd3+,Tb3+ scintillating theranostic NPs were then coated with mesoporous silica, followed by loading with rose bengal (CGTS-RB) for later computed tomography (CT)- and magnetic resonance image (MRI)-guided X-ray stimulated synergistic radio- and photodynamic therapy (RT+XPDT) using low-dose, one-time X-ray irradiation.   The results corroborated an efficient tumor regression with synergistic RT+XPDT relative to single RT. Global untargeted metabolome shifts highlighted the mechanism behind this efficient tumor regression using RT, and synergistic RT+XPDT treatment is due to the starvation of nonessential amino acids involved in protein and DNA synthesis and energy regulation pathways necessary for growth and progression.   Our study also concluded that tumor and serum metabolites shift during disease progression and regression and serve as robust biomarkers for early assessment of disease state and prognosis.   From our results, we propose that codoping is an effective and extendable technique to other materials for gaining high optical yield and multifunctionality and for use in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.   Critically, the integration of multifunctional theranostic nanomedicines with metabolomics has excellent potential for the discovery of early metabolic biomarkers to aid in better clinical disease diagnosis and prognosis. Keywords: X-ray inducible photodynamic therapy;   codoped nanoscintillators;   imaging;   metabolomics;   radiotherapy. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SS Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) succinimidyl succinate For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Happy Spring Festival! The long-awaited Spring Festival holiday is here! I can't wait to share some exciting news and the festive atmosphere surrounding the Chinese New Year break. Are you ready? Let's embrace this traditional festival together!  Firstly, the Spring Festival is one of the most important traditional holidays in China and is eagerly anticipated by people nationwide. The dates vary each year, typically starting on the first day of the lunar new year and lasting for fifteen days. We have plenty of time to enjoy and celebrate this special occasion. During the Spring Festival holiday, people usually return home to reunite with their families and enjoy joyful moments together. Regardless of their location, loved ones strive to gather at home on this day. That's why train stations and airports throughout the country are exceptionally busy during the Spring Festival travel rush, as thousands of people aim to be home for the Lunar New Year celebration. This reunion moment holds great significance for Chinese people, so they remain positive and optimistic amidst crowded roads and heavy luggage, embracing the spirit of the Spring Festival travel rush. Throughout the Spring Festival period, households engage in a series of celebration activities. First and foremost, people put up spring couplets and fu characters on their doors to pray for good fortune and happiness in the coming year. Traditional decorations like lanterns, papercuttings, and window decorations adorn homes, creating a festive ambiance. And of course, there are red envelopes, which are the favorite part for children! Elders give red envelopes containing lucky money to children, symbolizing good luck and prosperity. Additionally, there are sumptuous reunion dinners, where traditional delicacies such as rice dumplings and sticky rice cakes are enjoyed, representing reunion and well wishes. Apart from family gatherings, people participate in various traditional and festive activities. Lion dances, dragon dances, and lantern exhibitions take place on the streets, spreading joyous vibes throughout the cities. Furthermore, temple fairs and flower markets are popular destinations during the Spring Festival, offering a chance to savor delicious food, purchase New Year gifts, and witness traditional performances. While the Spring Festival remains rooted in tradition, it continues to evolve. The advancement of modern technology allows people to send wishes to family and friends via the internet, enabling them to experience the reunion atmosphere regardless of their geographic location. Additionally, some people choose to travel and explore new destinations to unwind during the festivities. The Spring Festival holiday is a time of excitement and celebration. Whether it's reuniting with family or participating in festive activities, this holiday creates wonderful memories and joyous moments for everyone. Let's cherish this traditional festival together and wish everyone a happy new y...

Mol Pharm. 2014 Oct 6;11(10):3656-70.  doi: 10.1021/mp500399j.  Epub 2014 Sep 24. Novel free-paclitaxel-loaded redox-responsive nanoparticles based on a disulfide-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-drug conjugate for intracellular drug delivery: synthesis, characterization, and antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo Xingxing Chuan 1, Qin Song, Jialiang Lin, Xianhui Chen, Hua Zhang, Wenbing Dai, Bing He, Xueqing Wang, Qiang Zhang Abstract To address the obstacles facing cancer chemotherapeutics, including toxicity, side effects, water insolubility, and lack of tumor selectivity, a novel stimuli-responsive drug-delivery system was developed based on paclitaxel-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-disulfide-paclitaxel conjugate nanoparticles (PEG-SS-PTX/PTX NPs).  The formulation emphasizes several benefits, including polymer-drug conjugates/prodrugs, self-assembled NPs, high drug content, redox responsiveness, and programmed drug release.  The PTX-loaded, self-assembled NPs, with a uniform size of 103 nm, characterized by DLS, TEM, XRD, DSC, and (1)H NMR, exhibited excellent drug-loading capacity (15.7%) and entrapment efficiency (93.3%).  PEG-SS-PTX/PTX NPs were relatively stable under normal conditions but disassembled quickly under reductive conditions, as indicated by their triggered-aggregation phenomena and drug-release profile in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT), a reducing agent.  Additionally, by taking advantage of the difference in the drug-release rates between physically loaded and chemically conjugated drugs, a programmed drug-release phenomenon was observed, which was attributed to a higher concentration and longer action time of the drugs.  The influence of PEG-SS-PTX/PTX NPs on in vitro cytotoxicity, cell cycle progression, and cellular apoptosis was determined in the MCF-7 cell line, and the NPs demonstrated a superior anti-proliferative activity associated with PTX-induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and apoptosis compared to their nonresponsive counterparts.  Moreover, the redox-responsive NPs were more efficacious than both free PTX and the non-redox-responsive formulation at equivalent doses of PTX in a breast cancer xenograft mouse model.  This redox-responsive PTX drug delivery system is promising and can be explored for use in effective intracellular drug delivery. Keywords: paclitaxel;  polymeric nanoparticles;  polymer−drug conjugates/prodrugs;  programmed drug release;  redox-response. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SH Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) thiol Abbreviation: mPEG-PA Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) propionic acid For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2015 Jul 8;7(26):14369-75.    doi: 10.1021/acsami.5b03106.    Epub 2015 Jun 24. Optimization of Surface Coating on Small Pd Nanosheets for in Vivo near-Infrared Photothermal Therapy of Tumor Saige Shi 1 2, Yizhuan Huang 1, Xiaolan Chen 1, Jian Weng 2, Nanfeng Zheng 1 Abstract Palladium nanosheets with strong near-infrared absorption have been recently demonstrated as promising photothermal agents for photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancers.    However, systematic assessments of their potential risks and impacts to biological systems have not been fully explored yet.    In this work, we carefully investigate how surface coatings affect the in vivo behaviors of small Pd nanosheets (Pd NSs).    Several biocompatible molecules such as carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), PEG-NH2, PEG-SH, and dihydrolipoic acid-zwitterion (DHLA-ZW) were used to coat Pd NSs.    The blood circulation half-lives, biodistribution, potential toxicity, clearance, and photothermal effect of different surface-coated Pd NSs in mice after intravenous injection were compared.    PEG-SH-coated Pd NSs (Pd-HS-PEG) were found to have ultralong blood circulation half-life and show high uptake in the tumor.    We then carry out the in vivo photothermal therapeutic studies on the Pd-HS-PEG conjugate and revealed its outstanding efficacy in in vivo photothermal therapy of cancers.    Our results highlight the importance of surface coatings to the in vivo behaviors of nanomaterials and can provide guidelines to the future design of Pd NSs bioconjugates for other in vivo applications. Keywords: in vivo behaviors;    nanosheet;    palladium;    photothermal therapy;    surface coating. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SH Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) thiol Abbreviation: mPEG-NH2 Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) amine For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

Biomaterials. 2017 Oct:141:116-124.  doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.06.030.  Epub 2017 Jun 27. Autophagy inhibition enabled efficient photothermal therapy at a mild temperature Zhengjie Zhou 1, Yang Yan 1, Kewen Hu 1, Yuan Zou 2, Yiwen Li 2, Rui Ma 1, Qiang Zhang 3, Yiyun Cheng 4 Abstract The heterogeneously-distributed hyperthermia in nanomaterial-mediated photothermal therapy commonly results in incomplete tumor eradication and serious damage of health tissue.  Here, we found autophagy was activated in cancer cells underwent photothermal therapy and the inhibition of autophagy significantly enhanced the efficacy of photothermal killing of cancer cells.  A formulation of chloroquine-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles was developed for sensitized photothermal cancer therapy, and the in vitro and in vivo study demonstrated that inhibition of autophagy remarkably augmented the efficacy of photothermal therapy, leading to efficient tumor suppression at a mild temperature.  The regulation of autophagy provides a new route to increase the efficacy of photothermal cancer therapy. Keywords: Autophagy;  Chloroquine;  Photothermal therapy;  Polydopamine nanoparticles;  Sensitization. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SH Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) thiol Abbreviation: H2N-PEG-SH Name: α-Amino-ω-mercapto poly(ethylene glycol) For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2014 Nov 26;6(22):19544-51.  doi: 10.1021/am505649q.  Epub 2014 Nov 14. Supramolecular hybrid hydrogel based on host-guest interaction and its application in drug delivery Jing Yu 1, Wei Ha, Jian-nan Sun, Yan-ping Shi Abstract In this work, we developed a simple, novel method for constructing gold nanocomposite supramolecular hybrid hydrogels for drug delivery, in which gold nanocrystals were utilized as building blocks.  First, methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) thiol (mPEG-SH, molecular weight (MW)=5 K) capped gold nanocrystals (nanospheres and nanorods) were prepared via a facile one-step ligand-exchange procedure.  Then, the homogeneous supramolecular hybrid hydrogels were formed, after adding α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) into PEG-modified gold nanocrystal solutions, due to the host-guest inclusion.  Both gold nanoparticles and inclusion complexes formed between α-CD and PEG chain provided the supra-cross-links, which are beneficial to the gelation formation.  The resulting hybrid hydrogels were fully characterized by a combination of techniques including X-ray diffraction, rheology studies, and scanning electron microscopy.  Meanwhile, the hybrid hydrogel systems demonstrated unique reversible gel-sol transition properties at a certain temperature caused by the temperature-responsive reversible supramolecular assembly.  The drug delivery applications of such hybrid hydrogels were further investigated in which doxorubicin was selected as a model drug for in vitro release, cytotoxicity, and intracellular release studies.  We believe that the development of such hybrid hydrogels will provide new and therapeutically useful means for medical applications. Keywords: drug delivery;  gold nanoparticles;  host−guest inclusion;  supramolecular hybrid hydrogel. Related products Abbreviation: mPEG-SH Name: Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) thiol For more product information, please contact us at: US Tel: 1-844-782-5734 US Tel: 1-844-QUAL-PEG CHN Tel: 400-918-9898 Email: sales@sinopeg.com